Effects of different laser scanning strategies on the morphology, microstructure, and mechanical properties of lunar regolith simulant formed by laser powder bed fusion

F. Dang, J. Zhu, M. Ke, Z. Wang, S. Wen, Y. Zhou, C. Zhou, L. Ding | 2026 | Additive Manufacturing Frontiers

DOI 10.1016/j.amf.2025.200283

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Summary

This paper investigates the effects of laser scanning strategies on the morphology, microstructure, and mechanical properties of HUST-2 lunar regolith simulant produced via laser powder bed fusion. It identifies key factors influencing defect formation and mechanical performance. The paper investigates the effects of different scanning strategies on the physical and mechanical properties of lunar regolith when fabricated using additive manufacturing techniques. The study focuses on optimizing the fabrication process to enhance the structural integrity and performance of lunar regolith-based materials for potential in-situ applications on the Moon. The research highlights the importance of scanning parameters in determining the final quality of the fabricated materials. The provided text is a list of URLs and file paths related to image content (JPEG and GIF formats) hosted on an AWS S3 bucket. These files are likely associated with a scientific or technical paper, possibly from a journal like *Science* or *Nature*, given the format of the URLs (e.g., `1-s2.0-S2950431725000930-...`). The files are categorized as either `DOWNSAMPLED`, `THUMBNAIL`, or `MAIN`, suggesting they are diffe

Connected extracted records

These are the records this paper contributes to the simulant, returned sample, method, and property browsers.

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Returned samples

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Experiments and measurements

SEM Imaging

Microscopy

Needs review

Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Particle size analysis, Oxides fraction analysis95% confidence

Powder Bed Generation

Material Processing

Needs review

Flow chart of powder bed generation, Additive manufacturing techniques85% confidence

Scanning Strategy

Data Collection

Needs review

Schematic diagram of scanning strategy, Corresponding sample analysis80% confidence

Surface Morphology Analysis

Material Characterization

Needs review

Surface morphology examination, SEM imaging80% confidence

Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF)

fabrication

Needs review

laser powder bed fusion95% confidence

Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)

thermal

Needs review

DSC95% confidence

X-ray computed tomography

imaging

Needs review

X-ray computed tomography95% confidence

Microscopic surface morphology analysis

microstructure

Needs review

microscopic surface morphology analysis95% confidence

Measured properties

Resolution Type

Downsampled, Thumbnail, Main

Needs review

Image95% confidence

Particle Size

Varied

Needs review

Physical95% confidence

Oxides Fraction

Varied

Needs review

Chemical95% confidence

Surface Morphology

Varied

Needs review

Physical80% confidence

compressive strength

enhanced

Needs review

mechanical95% confidence

porosity

reduced

Needs review

mechanical95% confidence

defect distribution

reduced

Needs review

defect95% confidence

crack propagation

mitigated

Needs review

defect95% confidence

Methods and applications

Methods

Additive manufacturingScanning parameter optimizationMechanical testingPhysical property analysisAnalyze the file names to determine the resolution type (e.g., `DOWNSAMPLED`, `STHUMBNAIL`)Compare the file sizes of different resolutions to infer the compression and bitUse the file extensions (e.g., `.jpg`, `.gif`) to classify the image typeAnalyze the URL structure to identify the hosting platform (e.g., AWS S3)Check for patterns in the file names to determine the source of the content (e.gscientific paper)Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)Particle size analysisOxides fraction analysisFlow chart of powder bed generationSchematic diagram of scanning strategySurface morphology examinationlaser powder bed fusionmultiscale characterization techniquesX-ray computed tomographymicroscopic surface morphology analysisinfrared thermal imagingcrack distribution analysismechanical property testingtemperature field and solid fraction distributionmelt pool dynamics analysismicro-fracture morphology analysisdefect distribution analysisresidual stress redistribution analysisthermal stress dispersion analysisbubble entrapment analysissurface warping analysisselective laser meltingsolar sinteringsolar energy3D printingArchimedes principleVickers hardness testermaterial property tester3D X-ray tomography scannerEDEM discrete element methodFlow-3D software packageSEM analysis3D tomographyDensity measurementCompression testingHardness testingInfrared thermographyDiscrete element methodSurface roughness measurementSurface defect analysisRemelting strategy analysisMelt pool mobility analysisCooling rate analysisThermal stress analysisMarangoni number calculationTemperature gradient analysisThermal accumulation analysisTemperature measurementDifferential scanning calorimetry (DSC)High-temperature concentric cylinder viscometrySEM-EDS microanalysisThermal properties analysisMechanical behavior analysisCrack propagation analysisPorosity analysisInterlayer bonding analysisSurface quality analysisLaser powder bed fusion process analysisThermal shock analysisAsynchronous contraction analysisDefect propagation analysismicrowave heatingsinteringSelective laser melting (SLM)Energy beam meltingFused Deposition Modeling (FDM)Finite element simulationData-driven modelingX-ray diffraction (XRD)

Applications

In-situ construction on the MoonSpace explorationLunar base developmentImage resolution analysis for scientific publicationsContent source identification for digital forensicsImage type classification for media management systemsStorage platform analysis for content delivery networks (CDNs)Scientific paper metadata extraction for academic databasesMaterials scienceAdditive manufacturingLunar regolith simulationMaterial characterizationlunar base constructionin situ resource utilization (ISRU)lunar soil solidificationextraterrestrial infrastructurematerial processing3D printingsolar energy utilizationlunar regolith simulant characterizationmaterial science researchMaterial processing optimizationFailure analysisMechanical behavior analysisMaterial performance evaluationStructural integrity analysisMaterial defect analysisFracture mechanics analysisSurface quality assessmentAdditive manufacturing optimizationProcess parameter optimizationMaterial synthesis optimizationMaterial failure analysisThermal behavior analysisSurface morphology analysisProcess optimizationMechanical performance evaluationDefect analysisSurface analysisProcess analysisThermal analysislunar pavinglunar concrete manufacturingHabitat constructionInfrastructure developmentTool and equipment manufacturingIn-situ resource utilization (ISRU)Space exploration (lunar regolith simulants)