Terahertz characteristics of regolith simulants: Effects of bulk density and water content on electromagnetic response for planetary remote sensing

S. Wang, K. Hiramatsu, V. Hh | 2026 | Icarus

DOI 10.1016/j.icarus.2025.116911

Review state

Needs reviewShown data

Last reviewed

Not reviewed yet

Last approved reanalysis

No approved reanalysis yet

Summary

This paper investigates the terahertz (THz) characteristics of FJS-1 lunar regolith simulants under varying bulk density and water content. The study focuses on THz reflection and transmission measurements to analyze the dielectric properties and their dependence on physical conditions. The paper investigates the terahertz characteristics of regolith simulants, focusing on how bulk density and water content affect their electromagnetic response. This research is relevant for planetary remote sensing and missions like OSIRIS-REX, which aim to sample asteroids. The study includes sample preparation, instrumentation, calibration, and experimental procedures to analyze the impact of varying bulk density and water abundance on terahertz wave scattering. 75 594 W LUNARSOURCEBOOKAUSERSGUIDEMOON PHYSICALPROPERTIESLUNARSURFACE COULSON 2007 2043 2054 I ELLISON 2007 1 18 W GOLOMBEK 2018 84 M HA 2023 1 2 Y 202348THINTERNATIONALCONFERENCEINFRAREDMILLIMETERTERAHERTZWAVES TIMEDOMAINSPECTROSCOPYFORSPACEEXPLORATIONTERAHERTZENERGYSCALES HAPKE 2001 10039 10073 B HARTOGH 2023 201 202 P AASDIVISIONFORPLANETARYSCIENCESMEETINGABSTRACTS55 SUBMILLIMETERWAVEINSTRUMENTSWIJUPITERICYMOONSEXPLORERJUICE KOFMAN 2

Connected extracted records

These are the records this paper contributes to the simulant, returned sample, method, and property browsers.

Used simulants

FJS-1

measured

Needs review

100% confidence

Returned samples

No returned samples extracted yet.

Experiments and measurements

Wave scattering geometry

method

Needs review

Terahertz wave scattering geometry100% confidence

Instrumentation

method

Needs review

Terahertz instrumentation100% confidence

Calibration and validation

method

Needs review

Calibration of terahertz system, Validation of experimental setup100% confidence

Experimental procedures

method

Needs review

Measurement of terahertz response under varying bulk density, Measurement of terahertz response under varying water content100% confidence

Calibration Validation

Calibration

Needs review

Reflection amplitude measurement, Incidence angle measurement95% confidence

Reflection Coefficient Measurement

Measurement

Needs review

Reflection coefficient measurement, Incidence angle measurement95% confidence

Water Content Dependence

Measurement

Needs review

Reflection coefficient measurement, Water content measurement95% confidence

THz reflection measurements

electromagnetic

Needs review

THz reflection measurements100% confidence

Measured properties

Bulk density

Varied

Needs review

physical100% confidence

Water content

Varied

Needs review

physical100% confidence

Electromagnetic response

Measured via terahertz wave scattering

Needs review

measured100% confidence

Terahertz characteristics

Depend on bulk density and water content

Needs review

measured100% confidence

Purpose

Document or Website Content

Needs review

Purpose85% confidence

Mechanical Properties

Particle Density, Cohesion, Internal Friction Angle

Needs review

Mechanical95% confidence

Water Content

Dependent on reflection coefficient

Needs review

Physical95% confidence

Reflection Coefficient

Dependent on bulk density and water content

Needs review

Electromagnetic95% confidence

Methods and applications

Methods

Terahertz wave scattering geometryInstrumentation for terahertz measurementsCalibration and validation of experimental setupMeasurement of terahertz response under varying bulk densityMeasurement of terahertz response under varying water contentcompression testingInspect the SVG files to determine their content and purpose.Check for any metadata or comments that may provide additional context.Analyze the file names and URLs to determine if they are part of a larger systemURL validation to confirm the structure and validity of the URLsFile format identification based on the `.svg` extensionContent type analysis to determine the nature of the files (images, diagrams, orTHz scattering measurementPolarization controlReflection coefficient measurementCalibration validationWater content measurementBulk density measurementTHz reflection measurementsangle-resolved configurationsdual polarizationsTHz measurementTHz time-domain spectroscopyTHz-TDS spectrometersTHz reflection coefficientspure water measurementscontrolled conditionswater content effectsbulk density effectsTHz measurement systemvector network analyzerquasi-optical setupoff-axis parabolic mirrorsGaussian beam propagation theorybeam waist calculationwire-grid polarizerlinear frequency modulation (LFM) signalsfrequency points averagingincident angle measurementpolarimetric measurementscopolarized (HH and VV) resultsTHz reflectometryfrequency-dependent behaviorangular-dependent reflection coefficientsBrewster angle measurementdielectric contrast effectsTHz system validationmagnitude and phase errorsdouble Debye modelFresnel equationscomplex permittivity calculationpolarimetric analysishydration-dependent measurementTHz reflectiondual-polarization (HH, VV)angle-resolved (20 70)Brewster angle positionVV/HH polarization ratioeffective medium averagingdielectric contrastvolumetric filling of pore spacessubsurface characterizationsaturation criterion

Applications

Planetary remote sensingAsteroid sample return missions (e.g., OSIRIS-REX)Construction and infrastructureThe SVG files may be used as part of a larger document or website.The files may be used for accessibility purposes, with alternative text providedThe files may be part of a larger system for hosting and managing media content.Academic research and publicationScientific paper visualizationData representation in vector graphicsLunar regolith characterizationElectromagnetic property analysisCalibration of measurement systemsRemote sensing of planetary surfacesplanetary remowater detectionlanding site assessmentwater detection strategiesTHz mineral identificationregolith analog studiesTHz wave interactions with granular materialselectromagnetic response analysisregolith characterizationsubsurface characterizationbulk density assessmentmoisture content analysissaturation criterion determinationelectromagnetic property mapping