S. Stapperfend, D. B. Dingwell, K.-U. Hess, J. Sutherland, J. Patzwald, T. Bissbort, D. Müller, M. Eitel, E. Stoll | 2025 | Chemical Geology
DOI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2025.123082Review state
Last reviewed
Reviewer · Reviewer
May 22, 2026, 11:17 PM
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This paper investigates the viscosity and glass-forming behavior of various lunar regolith simulants, including LX-M100, LX-T100, LMS-1, LHS-1, JSC-1A, EAC-1A, and OPRL2N, OPRL2NT, OPRH2N, and OPRH3N. The study combines high-temperature viscosity measurements, electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), magnetic hysteresis measurements, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to analyze the physical and chemical properties of these materials. The results reveal significant variations in viscosity-temperature relationships and glass transition temperatures among the simulants, which are attributed to differences in their chemical compositions. The study also highlights the presence of heterogeneous glasses, including immiscibility and crystallization phenomena, which can affect the glass-forming behavior and properties of these materials. These findings are crucial for understanding the behavior of lunar regolith under high-temperature conditions and for the development of materials for lunar exploration and resource utilization.
These are the records this paper contributes to the simulant, returned sample, method, and property browsers.
Basalt/mare lunar regolith simulant
Anorthosite/highlands lunar regolith simulant
Lunar mare regolith simulant
Lunar highlands regolith simulant
JSC lunar regolith simulant
ESA lunar regolith simulant
OPR lunar regolith simulant
OPR lunar regolith simulant
No returned samples extracted yet.
High-temperature concentric cylinder viscometry
Rheological characterization | Glass and ceramic manufacturing
Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)
Calorimetry | Glass and ceramic manufacturing
Electron probe microanalysis
Chemical microanalysis | Benchmarking and comparison
Glass transition analysis
Calorimetry | Glass and ceramic manufacturing
VFT viscosity modelling
Glass rheology modelling | Glass and ceramic manufacturing
Molten regolith electrolysis
ISRU extraction | Oxygen extraction
Melt viscosity
measured by high-temperature concentric cylinder viscometry
Thermal transition behavior
analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)
Chemical composition
measured by electron probe microanalysis (EPMA)
Glass transition temperature
identified from glass transition evidence
Oxygen yield
measured or discussed for molten regolith electrolysis