XPS surface chemistry

increased total phenolic content and chlorophyll a compared to hydroponic and lunar highland samples. Antioxidant capacity, assessed using ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), 2,2 -azino-bis(3...

. Initially, the mineralogical composition and chemical structural changes in thermally activated samples were analyzed using XRD-Rietveld, XPS, and Raman spectroscopy. Subsequently, ICP-OES was em...

, a small laboratory melting furnace, a gold smelting furnace from Tempora GmbH, was used at IRAS. With the furnace, aluminum and other non-ferrous metals can be melted. It uses

ching processes might also be involved in fungal bioleaching of EAC-1 A, for instance: redoxoly - sis, where enzymatic reactions modify the oxidation state of the metal, enhancing its solubility [...

ses had fully decomposed and likely released iron. The darkening of the material during sintering can thus be explained by the oxidation of ferrous iron (Fe 2+) in the biotite 24,26 and the altera...

ured. Solid-state surface material characterization was performed using scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry, a...

he approximate chemical composition can also be seen below in Figure 1. It is important to note that all of the elements are listed in the oxidation state and do not necessarily accurately represe...

sted that much of the plants difficulty was related to the chemical differences between lunar regolith and lunar soil simulant, such as the oxidation state of iron lunar iron tends to be in an ioni...