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Discover Simulants Methods & Measurements

Stapperfend.space

A public research platform for simulants, literature, experiments, properties, and DOI-backed source records. Built with reviewer verification in mind.

Initiated by the atlas maintainer as an open research infrastructure project for lunar materials work.

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Returned Samples

Needs reviewUnknown

Unknown site

Moon

Samples

31

Literature

32

Samples

11 87 ppm H2 O/OH particle size-dependent average

1 literature

14259

1 literature

14321

1 literature

15601

1 literature

70,051

1 literature

70051

6 literature

Apollo 14

1 literature

Apollo 16

3 literature

Apollo 17

2 literature

Apollo and Luna

1 literature

Apollo-16

1 literature

Apollo12

1 literature

BH-1

3 literature

BH-2

2 literature

BPY SOP

1 literature

CE-5

2 literature

Chang e-5

1 literature

Chang'e-4

1 literature

Chang'e-5

2 literature

GCD-2

1 literature

HIT-L-2

1 literature

JSC-1A

3 literature

LHS-1

1 literature

LSS-ISAC-1

1 literature

Lunar soil

1 literature

MLS-1A

1 literature

Morphological Descriptors

1 literature

NU-LHT-3M

1 literature

NWA 12592

1 literature

revisited Apollo samples

1 literature

Rocknest

1 literature

Linked literature

32

Calibration of simulation parameters for in-situ excavation of lunar highland simulant

X. Sun, R. Zhang, X. Li, M. Zou, H. Zhang | 2026 | Powder Technology

DOI 10.1016/j.powtec.2025.122070

reference data for direct shear tests

Facing compositional heterogeneity and thermal cycling challenges in lunar regolith based geopolymer for sustainable extraterrestrial construction

Z. Zhou, S. Li, G. Hu, J. Wu, C. Yao, F. Niu, J. Chen, X.-R. Spectroscopy, T. Diffraction | 2026 | Acta Astronautica

DOI 10.1016/j.actaastro.2025.09.048

Simulated lunar regolith used as a base material for geopolymer synthesis

Laser directed energy deposition additive manufacturing of lunar highland regolith simulant

S. Xu, M. Haddad, A. Alamdari, A. Shim, A. A. Luo, S. J. Wolff | 2026 | Acta Astronautica

DOI 10.1016/j.actaastro.2025.11.070

Lunar regolith simulant

A review of lunar regolith based alkali activated materials and sintered regolith for use as a construction material

F. Pederson, L. Ellersick, H.-J. Kim | 2025 | Acta Astronautica

DOI 10.1016/j.actaastro.2025.03.032

Lunar soil simulant used in the preparation of high-strength geopolymer materials

Chemical changes in terrestrial lunar simulants exposed to gamma radiation simulating lunar ionizing radiation environment

N. Mitra, T. M. McQueen, R. Volpe, M. Daly, V. Desai, N. Armitage | 2025 | Planetary and Space Science

DOI 10.1016/j.pss.2024.106031

used as reference material

Coupling thermodynamic modelling with experimental study to reveal the evolutionary relationship of pore solutions, products, and compressive strength for lunar regolith simulant geopolymers

G. Xue, G. Qiao | 2025 | Composites Part B: Engineering

DOI 10.1016/j.compositesb.2024.111949

lunar regolith

Dynamic mechanical properties of lunar regolith based geopolymer: Coupled effects of composition and temperature

Z. Zhou, X. Zheng, J. Wu | 2025 | Case Studies in Construction Materials

DOI 10.1016/j.cscm.2025.e05417

Source of mare-type simulants (JSC-1, FJS-1, CAS-1, TJ-1, HUST-1, GCD-1)

Impact of rubber membrane on lunar regolith mechanical properties under low effective confining pressure

S. Wang, M. Jiang, J. Lin | 2025 | Advances in Space Research

DOI 10.1016/j.asr.2024.10.048

strain localization analysis

Lunar regolith simulant-based geopolymer products prepared by the cold-sintering process: Evolution of pore water distribution, reaction products, microstructure and performance

G. Xue, G. Qiao | 2025 | Construction and Building Materials

DOI 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.141355

Lunar soil simulant used in the preparation of high-strength geopolymer

Reactive components and alkali leaching behavior of lunar regolith simulant for geopolymer production

G. Xue, R. Wang, P. Sheng, G. Qiao | 2025 | Construction and Building Materials

DOI 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.144695

lunar regolith sample

Sintering lunar regolith pellets: a comparison of four samples from Apollo 11, 15, and 16

B. A. Lomax, G. Charpentier, A. Nizet, A. Rützler, A. Kahan, F. McDonald, R. Lindner, J. D. Carpenter | 2025 | Materials Today Advances

DOI 10.1016/j.mtadv.2025.100620

comparison

Thermal conductivity simulation and performance assessment of a novel structural lunar soil brick design

R. Zhou, G. Dai, S. Fan, P. Xiang, W. Mao, L. Jia, H. Zheng | 2025 | Case Studies in Construction Materials

DOI 10.1016/j.cscm.2025.e04636

Reference for lunar surface temperature measurements

Volatile loss during heating of lunar mare simulants and related compositions

J. Sutherland, K.-U. Hess, T. Bissbort, S. Stapperfend, A. Müller, T. C. Hansen, A. Rack, D. B. Dingwell | 2025 | Chemical Geology

DOI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2025.123115

measured

Cohesion and shear strength of compacted lunar and Martian regolith simulants

B. Dotson, D. Valencia, C. Millwater, P. Easter, J. Long-Fox, D. Britt, P. Metzger | 2024 | Icarus

DOI 10.1016/j.icarus.2024.115943

compared

Determinants of lunar geopolymer synthesis based on experimental and statistical analysis: Towards lunar regolith's diversity

Z. Wu, Z. Geng, H. Pan, L. Zhang, W. She | 2024 | Construction and Building Materials

DOI 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2024.138557

Used in the preparation of high-strength geopolymer with low alkali content.

Development of Korean Lunar Highland Soil Simulant (KIGAM-L1)

T.-Y. Kang, E. Kim, K. J. Kim | 2024 | Journal of Space Technology and Applications

DOI 10.52912/jsta.2024.4.2.121

A high- and low-Ti lunar soil simulant used for future lunar exploration.

Erosion rate of lunar soil under a landing rocket, part 2: Benchmarking and predictions

P. T. Metzger | 2024 | Icarus

DOI 10.1016/j.icarus.2024.116135

used in particle size distribution analysis

Lunar simulant behaviour in molten fluoride salt for ISRU applications

M. Maes, M. Gibilaro, P. Chamelot, C. Chiron, S. Chevrel, P. Pinet, L. Massot, J. Favier | 2024 | Planetary and Space Science

DOI 10.1016/j.pss.2024.105854

Synthetic oxide powder used for comparison with natural lunar simulant BPY-N

On the measurement of shape: With applications to lunar regolith

R. P. Wilkerson, D. L. Rickman, J. R. McElderry, S. R. Walker, K. M. Cannon | 2024 | Icarus

DOI 10.1016/j.icarus.2024.115963

sample

Temperature-dependent dielectric properties of the Korean lunar simulant and ilmenite: Lunar microwave processing potential

Y.-J. Kim, H. Jin, J. Lee, B.-H. Ryu, H.-S. Shin | 2024 | Construction and Building Materials

DOI 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2024.136599

Lunar simulant

FEM and Experimental Analysis of Lunar Soil Excavation Test

M. Jiang, B. Xi, Z. Guo, H. Lei | 2023 | KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering

DOI 10.1007/s12205-023-0600-4

Lunar soil simulant

Similarity assessment of lunar highland simulant (LSS-ISAC-1) for lunar habitation materials and structures

T. Prabu, K. Muthukkumaran, I. Venugopal, S. Anbazhagan | 2023 | Planetary and Space Science

DOI 10.1016/j.pss.2023.105710

lunar highland simulant

Synthesis and characterization of geopolymer from lunar regolith simulant based on natural volcanic scoria

S. Zhou, X. Zhu, C. Lu, F. Li, G. Then | 2022 | Chinese Journal of Aeronautics

DOI 10.1016/j.cja.2020.06.014

lunar sample

Hydrogen reduction of lunar samples in a static system for a water production demonstration on the Moon

H. Sargeant, S. Barber, M. Anand, F. Abernethy, S. Sheridan, I. Wright, A. Morse | 2021 | Planetary and Space Science

DOI 10.1016/j.pss.2021.105287

Meteorite sample

Study on geomechanical properties of lunar soil simulant (LSS-ISAC-1) for chandrayaan mission

I. Venugopal, K. Muthukkumaran, M. Annadurai, T. Prabu, S. Anbazhagan, I. Bangalore | 2020 | Advances in Space Research

DOI 10.1016/j.asr.2020.08.021

compared

Development of assessment methods of lunar soil simulants with respect to chemical composition

B. C. Chang, K. Y. Ann | 2019 | Advances in Space Research

DOI 10.1016/j.asr.2019.01.015

lunar sample

Mars global simulant MGS-1: A Rocknest-based open standard for basaltic martian regolith simulants

K. M. Cannon, D. T. Britt, T. M. Smith, R. F. Fritsche, D. Batcheldor | 2019 | Icarus

DOI 10.1016/j.icarus.2018.08.019

Sample from Mars analyzed by the Curiosity rover

A structural assessment of unrefined sintered lunar regolith simulant

S. J. Indyk, H. Benaroya | 2017 | Acta Astronautica

DOI 10.1016/j.actaastro.2017.09.018

returned

Evaluations of lunar regolith simulants

L. A. Taylor, C. M. Pieters, D. Britt | 2016 | Planetary and Space Science

DOI 10.1016/j.pss.2016.04.005

Lunar soil sample used for simulant development

Toxicity of lunar dust

D. Linnarsson, J. Carpenter, B. Fubini, P. Gerde, L. L. Karlsson, D. J. Loftus, G. Prisk, U. Staufer, E. M. Tranfield, W. Westrenen | 2012 | Planetary and Space Science

DOI 10.1016/j.pss.2012.05.023

lunar sample

Characterization of lunar dust and a synopsis of available lunar simulants

A. Dust, Y. Liu, L. A. Taylor | 2011 | Planetary and Space Science

DOI 10.1016/j.pss.2010.11.007

high- and low-Ti lunar soil simulant reference

Lunar soil as shielding against space radiation

J. Miller, L. Taylor, C. Zeitlin, L. Heilbronn, S. Guetersloh, M. DiGiuseppe, Y. Iwata, T. Murakami | 2009 | Radiation Measurements

DOI 10.1016/j.radmeas.2009.01.010

used as a reference material