LHS-1

Lunar highlandUnited StatesAvailability: commercialFidelity: Not extracted yetProducer: Space Resources Technology

Chemical composition

21 measurements | 19 source tables

Reference	SiO₂wt%	TiO₂wt%	Al₂O₃wt%	FeOwt%	Fe₂O₃wt%	MgOwt%	CaOwt%	Na₂Owt%	K₂Owt%	MnOwt%	Cr₂O₃wt%	P₂O₅wt%	SO₃wt%	SrOwt%	LOIwt%	Totalwt%
Laot (2021) Additive Manufacturing and Spark Plasma Sintering of Lunar Regolith for Functionally Graded Materials	44.18	0.79	26.24	3.04	-	11.22	11.62	2.30	0.46	0.05	0.02	-	0.10	-	-	-
Details Specific note Cannon, n.d.-b. Schleppi et al., 2018)) and the average of the lunar… Method Reported oxide composition Table Table 2 Page Page 4
Srimurugan (2025) Carbo-thermal reduction of lunar highland regolith simulant for in-situ manufacturing of SiC	51.2	0.6	26.6	2.7	-	1.6	12.8	2.9	0.5	0.1	-	-	-	-	-	-
Details Specific note Oxide composition Method Composition reporting Table Table 1 Page Page 3
Javed (2024) Synthesizing lunar regolith-geopolymer emulating lunar positive temperature regime	51.76	1.07	18.59	-	4.16	1.93	17.39	4.70	0.37	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Details Specific note Chemical oxide composition Method automated mineral analysis Table Table 2 Page Page 3
Schild (2025) Characterization of metal products from the molten salt electrolysis of lunar highland regolith simulants	51.2	0.6	26.6	2.7	-	1.6	12.8	2.9	0.5	0.1	-	0.1	-	-	-	-
Details Specific note Reported chemical bulk composition comparison Method Not specified Table Table 2 Page Page 2
Oinam (2026) Advanced spectroscopic investigation of lunar highland simulant (LHS-1) geopolymer for in-situ resource utilization	46.4	0.4	26.8	-	-	0.9	18.5	2.5	0.4	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Details Specific note Oxide composition (wt.%) Method Oxide-composition measurement Table Table 1 Page Page 3
Oinam (2026) Advanced spectroscopic investigation of lunar highland simulant (LHS-1) geopolymer for in-situ resource utilization	47.5	0.4	27.6	-	-	0.8	17.8	2.6	0.4	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Details Specific note Oxide composition (wt.%) Method Oxide-composition measurement Table Table 1 Page Page 3
Slabic (2010) Lunar Regolith Simulant User’s Guide: Revision A	50.2	2.5	23.9	3.2	-	1.9	15.4	3.0	0.0	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Details Specific note Lunar Simulant Bulk Chemistry (wt. %) Method Bulk chemistry Table Table 42 Page Page 44
Yu (2025) Improving molten regolith electrolysis with zirconia-based hollow anode technology	51.2	0.6	26.6	2.7	-	1.6	12.8	2.9	0.5	0.1	-	0.1	-	-	-	-
Details Specific note Simulant Method Major oxide abundance measurement Table Table 1 Page Page 3
Garman (2023) Magnetic field coupling with lunar soil simulants	48.1	-	25.8	Fe₂O₃ 3.7	-	0.3	18.4	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Details Specific note lunar simulant Method Primary chemical composition by wt% Table Table 1 Page Page 5
Yu (2026) Rhizobia-legume symbiosis in synthetic lunar regolith and under cosmic radiation	44.1	0.79	26.2	3.1	-	11.2	11.5	2.3	0.46	0.05	0.02	-	0.10	-	-	-
Details Specific note Chemical-composition comparison Method Not specified Table Table 1 Page Page 4
Chang (2024) Artificial Space Weathering to Mimic Solar Wind Enhances the Toxicity of Lunar Dust Simulants in Human Lung Cells	44.18	0.79	26.24	3.04	-	11.22	11.62	2.30	0.46	0.05	0.02	0.00	0.10	-	-	-
Details Specific note Oxide content Method Not specified Table Table 4 Page Page 10
Long-Fox (2023) Characterization of planetary regolith simulants for the research and development of space resource technologies	49.12	0.63	26.29	3.20	-	2.86	13.52	2.55	0.34	0.06	-	0.17	-	-	0.41	-
Details Specific note Bulk chemistry in equivalent oxides Method X-ray fluorescence (XRF) Table Table 3 Page Page 8
Anbazhagan (2021) A lunar soil simulant (LSS-ISAC-1) for the lunar exploration programme of the Indian Space Research Organisation	44.18^*	0.79^*	26.24^*	3.04^*	-	11.22^*	11.62^*	2.30^*	0.46^*	00.05^*	00.02^*	-	0.01^*	-	-	-
Details Specific note Major-oxide chemical composition Method Chemical-composition measurement Table Table 4 Page Page 9
Shao (2024) Innovative development of geopolymer-based lunar high strength concrete for sustainable extra-terrestrial construction using large-scale regolith simulants	49.1	0.6	26.3	-	-	2.9	13.5	-	-	-	-	0.2	-	-	-	-
Details Specific note Chemical compositions of LHS-1, LMS-1, lunar highlands, mare and Apollo… Method Not specified Table Table 1 Page Page 2
Peng (2023) 3D shape analysis of lunar regolith simulants	48.1	1.1	25.8	-	3.7	0.3	18.4	-	0.7	0.1	-	1.0	0.3	0.1	-	-
Details Specific note Bulk chemistry of LHS-1 Method Bulk chemistry Table Table 1 Page Page 2
Xu (2026) Laser directed energy deposition additive manufacturing of lunar highland regolith simulant	49.12	0.63	26.29	3.20	-	2.86	13.52	2.55	0.34	0.06	-	0.17	-	-	0.41	-
Details Method Not specified Table Table 1 Page Page 2
Shao (2025) Enhanced in-situ utilization of lunar simulant for fibre-reinforced high-performance concrete: Mechanical properties and cost-effectiveness for lunar applications	49.1	-	26.3	-	3.2	2.9	13.5	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.41	-
Details Specific note Aluminosilicate source material Method Not specified Table Table 1 Page Page 3
Clendenen (2022) Temperature programmed desorption comparison of lunar regolith to lunar regolith simulants LMS-1 and LHS-1	48.1	1.1	25.8	-	3.7	0.3	18.4	-	0.7	0.1	-	1.0	0.3	0.1	-	-
Details Specific note Rose et al., 1972 Method Compiled oxide-species composition reported in the source table Table Table 1 Page Page 3
Stevens (2025) Mechanical properties of Sintered Lunar Regolith Simulant LHS-1 when moulded under different temperatures and time at constant pressure	49.12	0.63	26.29	3.20	-	2.86	13.52	2.55	0.34	0.06	-	0.17	-	-	0.41	99.15
Details Specific note (Exolith Lab, 2023) Method Chemical-composition measurement Table Table 2 Page Page 6
Stapperfend (2025) Viscosity and glass formation behavior of lunar regolith simulants	49.28	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Details Specific note Normalized chemical compositions measured by electron microprobe… Method Chemical composition Table Table 4 Page Page 9
Stapperfend (2025) Viscosity and glass formation behavior of lunar regolith simulants	-	0.93	26.71	1.26	2.21	2.64	13.35	2.76	0.69	<d.l.	<d.l.	0.16	-	-	-	-
Details Specific note Normalized chemical compositions measured by electron microprobe… Method Not specified Table Table 4 Page Page 9

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LHS-1

Chemical composition

Property Classification & Literature Review

Property literature coverage for LHS-1

Organic content

Papers

Impact of extreme thermal cycling on the physical and mechanical properties of lunar regolith simulant densified via spark plasma sintering, cold isostatic pressing, and biopolymer bonding using Xanthan Gum

Rhizobia-legume symbiosis in synthetic lunar regolith and under cosmic radiation

Synthesizing lunar regolith-geopolymer emulating lunar positive temperature regime

Water extraction from icy lunar simulants using low power microwave heating