MLS-1

Lunar mareUnited StatesAvailability: not producedFidelity: Not extracted yetProducer: University of Minnesota

Chemical composition

18 measurements | 17 source tables

Reference	SiO₂wt%	TiO₂wt%	Al₂O₃wt%	FeOwt%	Fe₂O₃wt%	MgOwt%	CaOwt%	Na₂Owt%	K₂Owt%	MnOwt%	Cr₂O₃wt%	P₂O₅wt%	NiOwt%	SrOwt%	BaOwt%	LOIwt%	Totalwt%
Richter (1992) Experimental Determination of In Situ Utilization of Lunar Regolith for Thermal Energy Storage	43.86	6.32	13.68	13.40	2.60	6.68	10.13	2.12	0.281	0.198	-	0.20	-	-	-	-	-
Details Specific note Element chemistry comparison Method Not specified Table Table 1 Page Page 3
Tucker (1992) Glass fiber processing for the Moon/Mars program	43.86Average45.90Maximum41.70Minimum	6.32Average7.43Maximum4.82Minimum	13.68Average15.60Maximum11.76Minimum	13.40Average14.40Maximum12.00Minimum	2.60Average4.10Maximum0.90Minimum	6.68Average8.44Maximum5.57Minimum	10.13Average11.48Maximum9.04Minimum	2.12Average2.27Maximum1.97Minimum	0.281Average0.348Maximum0.167Minimum	0.198Average0.218Maximum0.182Minimum	-	0.20Average0.45Maximum0.02Minimum	-	-	-	-	-
Details Specific note Major element chemistry of MLS-1 Method Not specified Table Table 3 Page Page 13
Tucker (1991) Differential thermal analysis of lunar soil simulant	43.86Average45.90Maximum41.70Minimum	6.32Average7.43Maximum4.82Minimum	13.68Average15.60Maximum11.76Minimum	13.40Average14.40Maximum12.00Minimum	-	6.68Average8.44Maximum5.57Minimum	10.13Average11.48Maximum9.04Minimum	2.12Average2.27Maximum1.97Minimum	0.281Average0.348Maximum0.167Minimum	0.198Average0.218Maximum0.182Minimum	-	0.20Average0.45Maximum0.02Minimum	-	-	-	-	-
Details Specific note Average/Maximum/Minimum Method Not specified Table Table 3 Page Page 9
Tucker (1991) Differential thermal analysis of lunar soil simulant	-	-	-	-	2.60Average4.10Maximum0.90Minimum	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Details Specific note statistics Method Not specified Table Table 3 Page Page 9
Eick (1996) Dissolution of a lunar basalt simulant as affected by pH and organic anions	45.0	5.2	15.3	14.2	1.2	5.6	9.6	2.0	0.34	-	-	0.45	-	-	-	-	-
Details Specific note Compared with average Lunar Mare sample composition Method Bulk chemical composition analysis Table Table 1 Page Page 3
Eick (1996) Dissolution of a lunar basalt simulant as affected by pH and organic anions	55.67Feldspar — MLS-151.88Pyroxene — MLS-135.07Olivine — MLS-10.02Ilmenite — MLS-1	0.09Feldspar — MLS-10.64Pyroxene — MLS-10.07Olivine — MLS-150.05Ilmenite — MLS-1	28.84Feldspar — MLS-11.60Pyroxene — MLS-10.01Olivine — MLS-10.04Ilmenite — MLS-1	0.41Feldspar — MLS-111.76Pyroxene — MLS-140.30Olivine — MLS-145.28Ilmenite — MLS-1	-	0.01Feldspar — MLS-113.72Pyroxene — MLS-123.88Olivine — MLS-11.31Ilmenite — MLS-1	10.99Feldspar — MLS-119.97Pyroxene — MLS-10.54Ilmenite — MLS-1	4.03Feldspar — MLS-10.24Pyroxene — MLS-10.02Ilmenite — MLS-1	0.03Feldspar — MLS-10.01Pyroxene — MLS-1	0.29Pyroxene — MLS-10.49Olivine — MLS-10.50Ilmenite — MLS-1	0.03Pyroxene — MLS-10.07Ilmenite — MLS-1	-	-	-	-	-	-
Details Specific note Feldspar, pyroxene, olivine, and ilmenite Method Mineral chemistry comparison Table Table 2 Page Page 4
Hill (2007) Apollo sample 70051 and high‐ and low‐Ti lunar soil simulants MLS‐1A and JSC‐1A: Implications for future lunar exploration	42.8^*	6.77^*	12.1^*	16.3ᵉ^*	-	6.19^*	11.1^*	2.22^*	0.20^*	0.22^*	-	0.04^*	-	-	-	-	-
Details Specific note SiO₂ bulk-chemical composition Method Not specified Table Table 1 Page Page 2
Hill (2007) Apollo sample 70051 and high‐ and low‐Ti lunar soil simulants MLS‐1A and JSC‐1A: Implications for future lunar exploration	0^*	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Details Specific note JSC-1A and MLS-1A lunar soil simulants Method Not specified Table Table 3 Page Page 4
Hill (2007) Apollo sample 70051 and high‐ and low‐Ti lunar soil simulants MLS‐1A and JSC‐1A: Implications for future lunar exploration	55.6 (5)^Plagioclase35.4 (11)^Olivine0.05 (1)^Ti-magnetite51.3 (6)^Cpxᵇ52.1 (3)^Opxᵇ39.7 (18)^Amphibole	7.62 (38)^Ti-magnetite50.0 (11)^Ilmenite0.51 (28)^Cpxᵇ0.26 (13)^Opxᵇ1.51 (7)^*Amphibole	27.1 (4)^Plagioclase2.54 (16)^Ti-magnetite1.20 (28)^Cpxᵇ0.55 (4)^Opxᵇ11.2 (10)^*Amphibole	0.50ᶜ (19)^Plagioclase41.5ᶜ (10)^Olivine37.4 (5)^Ti-magnetite45.9ᶜ (3)^Ilmenite11.7ᶜ (11)^Cpxᵇ25.9ᶜ (6)^Opxᵇ22.5ᶜ (13)^*Amphibole	46.9 (6)^*	22.1 (17)^Olivine0.09 (1)^Ti-magnetite1.22 (23)^Ilmenite13.6 (2)^Cpxᵇ19.6 (6)^Opxᵇ6.93 (121)^Amphibole	9.86 (49)^Plagioclase0.13 (11)^Ti-magnetite20.6 (11)^Cpxᵇ1.08 (9)^Opxᵇ11.3 (1)^*Amphibole	5.63 (23)^Plagioclase0.20 (4)^Cpxᵇ0.02 (1)^Opxᵇ2.12 (3)^Amphibole	0.46 (7)^Plagioclase1.15 (30)^Amphibole	0.58 (2)^Olivine0.19 (4)^Ti-magnetite0.55 (8)^Ilmenite0.32 (10)^Cpxᵇ0.55 (5)^Opxᵇ0.24 (6)^Amphibole	0.26 (5)^*	-	0.07 (4)^*	-	-	-	99.1^Plagioclase99.7^Olivine97.4^Ti-magnetite97.7^Ilmenite99.4^Cpxᵇ100.1^Opxᵇ99.7^*Amphibole
Details Specific note Major mineral phases Method Not specified Table Table 5 Page Page 8
Liu (2026) In Situ Synthesis of Agglutinitic Glass and Np‐Fe⁰ in a Chang'E‐5 Lunar Regolith Simulant for Multi‐Scale High Fidelity	43.86	6.32	13.68	16	-	6.68	10.13	2.12	0.28	0.2	-	0.2	-	-	-	/	-
Details Specific note a critical indicator of the volatile-poor nature of lunar regolith Method Chemical oxide composition; LOI by loss on ignition Table Table 1 Page Page 2
Li (2019) The Preparation and Characterization of NEU-1 Lunar Soil Simulants	43.86	6.32	13.68	-	16.00	6.68	10.13	2.12	0.28	0.20	-	0.20	-	-	-	-	-
Details Specific note %, mass fraction Method Not specified Table Table 3 Page Page 4
Kanamori (1998) Properties of Lunar Soil Simulant Manufactured in Japan	43.9	6.3	13.7	13.4	2.6	6.7	10.1	2.1	0.28	0.20	-	0.20	-	-	-	-	-
Details Specific note Concentration (Wt %) Method Not specified Table Table 2 Page Page 4
Jiang (2012) Properties of TJ-1 Lunar Soil Simulant	43.86^*	6.32^*	13.68^*	13.40^*	2.6^*	6.68^*	10.13^*	2.12^*	0.28^*	0.20^*	ND^*	0.20^*	ND^*	ND^*	ND^*	0.0015^*	-
Details Specific note Main element composition Method Not specified Table Table 6 Page Page 5
Zhou (2024) Properties and Characteristics of Regolith-Based Materials for Extraterrestrial Construction	43.86	6.320	13.68	16.00	-	6.68	10.13	2.120	0.28	0.20	-	0.20	-	-	-	-	-
Details Specific note Lunar regolith samples and regolith simulant Method Chemical composition Table Table 3 Page Page 5
Hou (2019) Constitutive properties of irregularly shaped lunar soil simulant particles	47.3	1.6	17.8	10.5	-	9.6	11.4	0.7	0.6	0.1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Details Specific note Average SiO₂ component Method Not specified Table Table 1 Page Page 3
Miller (2009) Lunar soil as shielding against space radiation	42.8^*	6.77^*	12.1^*	16.3^*	-	6.19^*	11.1^*	2.22^*	0.20^*	0.22^*	-	0.04^*	-	-	-	0.85^*	-
Details Specific note soil samples used in the radiation experiments Method Not specified Table Table 2 Page Page 2
Ryu (2015) Basic Study for a Korean Lunar Simulant (KLS-1) Development	47.3^*	1.6^*	17.8^*	10.5^*	-	9.6^*	11.4^*	0.7^*	0.6^*	0.1^*	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Details Specific note Weiblen et al., 1990 Method Not specified Table Table 2 Page Page 5
Xie (2017) Aluminothermic Reduction-Molten Salt Electrolysis Using Inert Anode for Oxygen and Al-Base Alloy Extraction from Lunar Soil Simulant	-	-	-	-	-	~0.21	~0.59	-	~0.014	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Details Specific note 48.66 mass%NaF-46.34 mass%AlF3-5 mass%MLS-1 Method Reported approximate system composition Page Page 3

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MLS-1

Chemical composition

Property Classification & Literature Review

Property literature coverage for MLS-1

Most covered property classifications

Papers

In Situ Synthesis of Agglutinitic Glass and Np‐Fe⁰ in a Chang'E‐5 Lunar Regolith Simulant for Multi‐Scale High Fidelity

Properties and Characteristics of Regolith-Based Materials for Extraterrestrial Construction

Constitutive properties of irregularly shaped lunar soil simulant particles

The Preparation and Characterization of NEU-1 Lunar Soil Simulants

Aluminothermic Reduction-Molten Salt Electrolysis Using Inert Anode for Oxygen and Al-Base Alloy Extraction from Lunar Soil Simulant

Effect of grain size distribution on stress-strain behavior of lunar soil simulants

Basic Study for a Korean Lunar Simulant (KLS-1) Development

Properties of TJ-1 Lunar Soil Simulant

Design and characterization of GRC-1: A soil for lunar terramechanics testing in Earth-ambient conditions

Lunar Regolith Simulant User’s Guide: Revision A

Lunar soil as shielding against space radiation

Extant and Extinct Lunar Regolith Simulants: Modal Analyses of NU-LHT-1M and -2M, OB-1, JSC-1, JSC-1A and -1AF, FJS-1, and MLS-1

Apollo sample 70051 and high‐ and low‐Ti lunar soil simulants MLS‐1A and JSC‐1A: Implications for future lunar exploration

Test Method for In Situ Electrostatic Characterization of Lunar Dust

Bricks and Ceramics.

Properties of Lunar Soil Simulant Manufactured in Japan

Dissolution of a lunar basalt simulant as affected by pH and organic anions

Mechanical and Load-Settlement Characteristics of Two Lunar Soil Simulants

Experimental Determination of In Situ Utilization of Lunar Regolith for Thermal Energy Storage

Glass fiber processing for the Moon/Mars program

Differential thermal analysis of lunar soil simulant