LMS-1

Simulant mentioned in extracted literature tags

Literature

Using papers

Lunar simulant behaviour in molten fluoride salt for ISRU applications

M. Maes, M. Gibilaro, P. Chamelot, C. Chiron, S. Chevrel, P. Pinet, L. Massot, J. Favier | 2024 | Planetary and Space Science

DOI 10.1016/j.pss.2024.105854

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Methods

No methods extracted yet.

Properties

No properties extracted yet.

Single-layer laser-based powder bed fusion of lunar regolith simulants under the boundary conditions of an actively driven drop tower for hypogravity experiments

T. Griemsmann, J. Patzwald, J.-C. Ginés-Palomares, T. Eismann, S. Stapperfend, M. Raupert, C. Lotz, N. Schwarz, S. Kaierle, E. Stoll, L. Overmeyer | 2026 | Advances in Space Research

DOI 10.1016/j.asr.2026.05.051

Needs reviewPDF missing

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Methods

No methods extracted yet.

Properties

No properties extracted yet.

Volatile loss during heating of lunar mare simulants and related compositions

J. Sutherland, K.-U. Hess, T. Bissbort, S. Stapperfend, A. Müller, T. C. Hansen, A. Rack, D. B. Dingwell | 2025 | Chemical Geology

DOI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2025.123115

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Methods

No methods extracted yet.

Properties

No properties extracted yet.

Comparison of spatial data acquisition techniques for the geometric analysis of lunar regolith

P. Kędziorski, J. Kobaka, J. Katzer, P. Tysiąc, M. Jagoda, M. Zawidzki | 2026 | Measurement

DOI 10.1016/j.measurement.2025.119366

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Methods

No methods extracted yet.

Properties

No properties extracted yet.

Influence of vacuum and high-temperature on the evolution of mechanical strength and microstructure of alkali-activated lunar regolith simulant

Y. Yao, C. Liu, W. Zhang, H. Liu, T. Wang, Y. Wu, X. Li, X. Chen | 2024 | Journal of Building Engineering

DOI 10.1016/j.jobe.2024.110709

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Methods

No methods extracted yet.

Properties

No properties extracted yet.

Influence of in-situ lunar temperature on the pore structure and solid phases of alkali-activated lunar regolith simulant

Y. Yao, C. Liu, W. Zhang, H. Liu, C. Zhu | 2024 | Journal of Building Engineering

DOI 10.1016/j.jobe.2024.111162

Needs reviewPDF missing

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Methods

No methods extracted yet.

Properties

No properties extracted yet.

A review of lunar regolith based alkali activated materials and sintered regolith for use as a construction material

F. Pederson, L. Ellersick, H.-J. Kim | 2025 | Acta Astronautica

DOI 10.1016/j.actaastro.2025.03.032

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Methods

No methods extracted yet.

Properties

No properties extracted yet.

Liquid State Sintering enhances Consolidation in Basalt-rich Lunar Regolith

N. Gupta, V. Dawara, A. Kumar, K. Viswanathan | 2024 | Advances in Space Research

DOI 10.1016/j.asr.2024.05.024

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Methods

No methods extracted yet.

Properties

No properties extracted yet.

Dynamic Cone Penetration Test in Lunar Highlands Regolith Simulant

K. Šļumba, B. T. Scott, M. B. Jaksa, P. InSight | 2026 | Acta Astronautica

DOI 10.1016/j.actaastro.2026.01.055

Needs reviewPDF missing

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Methods

No methods extracted yet.

Properties

No properties extracted yet.

Simulating lunar highlands regolith profiles on Earth to inform infrastructure development and ISRU activities on the Moon

M. P. Lucas, C. R. Neal, J. M. Long-Fox, D. Britt | 2024 | Acta Astronautica

DOI 10.1016/j.actaastro.2024.08.019

Needs reviewPDF missing

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Methods

No methods extracted yet.

Properties

No properties extracted yet.

Cold spray deposition of lunar regolith on polymeric substrates: A pathway toward in-situ resource utilization on the Moon

S. Rahman, S. Akin | 2026 | Surfaces and Interfaces

DOI 10.1016/j.surfin.2025.108224

Needs reviewPDF missing

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Methods

No methods extracted yet.

Properties

No properties extracted yet.

Rheological characterization and additive manufacturing suitability of lunar and Martian regolith simulants

W. D. Combs, C. F. Higgs | 2026 | Powder Technology

DOI 10.1016/j.powtec.2026.122480

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Methods

No methods extracted yet.

Properties

No properties extracted yet.

Determinants of lunar geopolymer synthesis based on experimental and statistical analysis: Towards lunar regolith's diversity

Z. Wu, Z. Geng, H. Pan, L. Zhang, W. She | 2024 | Construction and Building Materials

DOI 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2024.138557

Needs reviewPDF missing

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Methods

No methods extracted yet.

Properties

No properties extracted yet.

Enhanced in-situ utilization of lunar simulant for fibre-reinforced high-performance concrete: Mechanical properties and cost-effectiveness for lunar applications

R. Shao, C. Wu, J. Li | 2025 | Journal of Materials Research and Technology

DOI 10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.03.047

Needs reviewPDF missing

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Methods

No methods extracted yet.

Properties

No properties extracted yet.

Electromagnetic Characterization of EAC-1A and JSC-2A Lunar Regolith Simulants

D. R. Somolinos, B. P. Gallardo, J. C. Estévez, N. Stepanyan, A. Cowley, A. A. Marugán, D. P. Martínez | 2024 | Materials

DOI 10.3390/ma17153633

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Methods

No methods extracted yet.

Properties

No properties extracted yet.

Material aspects of sintering of EAC-1A lunar regolith simulant

J.-C. Ginés-Palomares, M. Fateri, T. Schubert, L. D. P. d’Ambelle, S. Simon, G. J. G. Gluth, J. Günster, A. Zocca | 2023 | Scientific Reports

DOI 10.1038/s41598-023-50391-y

Needs reviewOA PDF stored

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Methods

No methods extracted yet.

Properties

No properties extracted yet.

Thermophysical properties of lunar regolith simulant LHS-1 and ice sublimation kinetics in its mixtures with frozen water

D. H. Austen, E. Shafirovich | 2024 | Thermochimica Acta

DOI 10.1016/j.tca.2023.179648

Needs reviewPDF missing

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Methods

No methods extracted yet.

Properties

No properties extracted yet.

Planetary Soil Simulant Characterisation: NU-LHT-2M Study Case to Support Oxygen Extraction Lab Tests with a Low-Temperature Carbothermal Process

G. Zanotti, I. Troisi, A. Dottori, M. R. Lavagna | 2024 | Aerospace

DOI 10.3390/aerospace11040295

Needs reviewOA PDF stored

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Methods

No methods extracted yet.

Properties

No properties extracted yet.

Defining / measurement papers

Wear investigation of PTFE, PEEK and UHMWPE-based reciprocating shaft seal materials with lunar/Martian regolith simulants

Á. Kalácska, V. Parmentier, P. Baets, G. Kalácska, U. Peek | 2025 | Wear

DOI 10.1016/j.wear.2025.205791

Needs reviewPDF missing

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Methods

Surface AnalysisMaterial Science SEM-EDS microanalysismicrostructural | wear characterization

Properties

particle size distributionmean and median particle sizes being 90 m and 60 m for MGS-1 and 50 m and 45 m for LMS-1 respectively90%Particle infiltrationmore pronounced in LMS-180%Wear groove depthLMS-1 caused deeper grooves100%

Innovative development of geopolymer-based lunar high strength concrete for sustainable extra-terrestrial construction using large-scale regolith simulants

R. Shao, C. Wu, J. Li | 2024 | Construction and Building Materials

DOI 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2024.138707

Needs reviewPDF missing

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Methods

Slump flowability testConsistency test flowability testflowability unit weight testunit weight compressive strength testcompressive strength 28-day modulus of elasticity (MOE) measurementmechanical properties Compressive failure patterns analysisfailure mechanisms

Properties

WorkabilityMeasured via slump flowability test95%flowabilitybetter for LMS-1100%unit weighthigher for LMS-1100%compressive strength106.7 MPa for LHS-1, 98.7 MPa for LMS-1100%uncompressed bulk density1.27100%uncompressed bulk density1.56100%diffraction peak intensityreduced with increased LMS-1 content95%gel phase intensitylower for LMS-1 counterparts95%

3D printing LDPE/lunar regolith simulant composite: manufacturing with in-situ resources on the moon

S. Moazen, F. Gosselin, I. Tabiai, M. Dubé | 2025 | Acta Astronautica

DOI 10.1016/j.actaastro.2025.08.012

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Methods

No methods extracted yet.

Properties

Particle size range0.04 35 m100%Mean particle size6 m100%

Cohesion and shear strength of compacted lunar and Martian regolith simulants

B. Dotson, D. Valencia, C. Millwater, P. Easter, J. Long-Fox, D. Britt, P. Metzger | 2024 | Icarus

DOI 10.1016/j.icarus.2024.115943

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Methods

No methods extracted yet.

Properties

Bulk Densityranged from 0.80 1.30 g/cm3 for dusty simulants to 1.03 1.86 g/cm3 for Martian simulants98%

Electrodynamic dust shield efficiency characterisation under UV in vacuum for lunar application

Y.-C. Wang, F. Cipriani, F. Johansson, M. Sperl, M. Adachi | 2024 | Advances in Space Research

DOI 10.1016/j.asr.2024.07.082

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Methods

No methods extracted yet.

Properties

Color effect on transmissiondarker simulant (LMS-1) has lower transmission90%

Geomechanical properties of lunar regolith simulants LHS-1 and LMS-1

J. M. Long-Fox, Z. A. Landsman, P. B. Easter, C. A. Millwater, D. T. Britt | 2023 | Advances in Space Research

DOI 10.1016/j.asr.2023.02.034

Needs reviewPDF missing

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Methods

Shear Strength TestingGeomechanical Density MeasurementPhysical ASTM D3080shear strength testing ASTM B964mass flow rate measurement Abrasivity testingmeasured Particle size distributionmeasured Density measurementsmeasured Shear strengthmeasured Mohr-Coulomb Failure Criterionmechanical angle of reposemechanical particle size distributionmechanical Shear strength testingdirect shear

Properties

Mineralogical CompositionLHS-1: Anorthosite 74.4%, Glass-rich basalt 24.7%, Ilmenite 0.4%, Olivine 0.2%, Pyroxene 0.3%; LMS-1: Anorthosite 19.8%, Glass-rich basalt 32.0%, Ilmenite 4.3%, Olivine 11.1%, Pyrx95%DensityLHS-1: Minimum 1.27 g/cm³, Bulk 1.34 g/cm³, Maximum 1.86 g/cm³; LMS-1: Minimum 1.47 g/cm³, Bulk 1.54 g/cm³, Maximum 1.95 g/cm³95%Shear StrengthNot explicitly detailed, but inferred from geomechanical testing.95%shear strengthstudied100%angle of reposestudied100%mass flow ratesstudied100%abrasivitystudied100%mass flow ratemeasured using ASTM B964100%Particle sizeLHS-1: mean 87.95 ± 6.83 μm, median 61.78 ± 2.80 μm; LMS-1: mean 85.65 ± 27.68 μm, median 62.48 ± 8.02 μm100%Densityminimum, bulk, uncompressed, and maximum densities of LHS-1 and LMS-1 in comparison to regolith from the lunar highlands and lunar mare100%Abrasivityquantified by measuring the volume of the test material that was worn away by the simulant100%Shear strengthresults from direct shear testing of LHS-1 and LMS-1 were analyzed via linear regression100%densityaverage minimum density of LMS-1 is higher than that of lunar mare regolith, but the bulk and maximum density data collected from returned mare samples lie within confidence of the100%densityless dense packing arrangements of LHS-1 were not as sensitive to slight disturbances from handling during experiments as LMS-1, attributed to the high anorthosite content100%densityDuring experiments, it was noted that LMS-1 takes less mechanical agitation to reach a higher relative density compared to LHS-1, so slight disturbances to the sample during100%cohesionhigher for LMS-1100%angle of repose47.5 for LHS-1, 37.5 for LMS-1100%

Temperature programmed desorption comparison of lunar regolith to lunar regolith simulants LMS-1 and LHS-1

A. R. Clendenen, A. Aleksandrov, B. M. Jones, P. G. Loutzenhiser, D. T. Britt, T. M. Orlando | 2022 | Earth and Planetary Science Letters

DOI 10.1016/j.epsl.2022.117632

Needs reviewPDF missing

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Methods

Temperature programmed desorptiondesorption analysis Temperature programmed desorption (TPD)desorption Temperature Programmed Desorption (TPD)characterization

Properties

Water desorptionreleased upon heating100%Hydrogen desorptiononly Apollo sample released measurable quantities100%Oxide compositionTable 1100%Effective surface areaTable 2100%Effective diameterTable 2100%CircularityTable 2100%Activation energy distributionTable 3100%water release176 ppm100%water release195 ppm100%water release103 ppm100%

Comparative study on morphological and mechanical properties of lunar regolith simulants (LHS-1, LMS-1, and LSP-2) using micro-CT reconstruction and direct shear tests

Y. Yang, M. Rahman, M. Andriamasinoro, F. Vatteroni, L. Wang | 2026 | Acta Astronautica

DOI 10.1016/j.actaastro.2026.04.066

Needs reviewPDF missing

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Methods

3D Curvature AnalysisImaging Direct Shear TestingMechanical Testing micro-CT reconstructionmorphological direct shear testsmechanical Shear propertiesMechanical testing X-ray computed tomography3D morphology characterization | Benchmarking and comparison Triaxial compression testingGeotechnical characterization | Mobility and excavation

Properties

Shear Stress-Normal Stress RelationshipFitted Mohr-Coulomb envelopes95%internal friction anglehighest for LSP-2100%Mechanical strengthVaried95%3D particle shapemeasured by X-ray computed tomography70%Friction anglederived from triaxial or shear-strength testing70%

Water permeability of sunlit lunar highlands regolith using LHS-1 simulant

Y. Tabuchi, A. Kioka, Y. Yamada | 2023 | Acta Astronautica

DOI 10.1016/j.actaastro.2023.09.027

Needs reviewPDF missing

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Methods

Temperature programmed desorptiondesorption analysis Shear properties measurementMechanical properties

Properties

Mechanical propertiesShear strength and compaction behavior95%Desorption behaviorTemperature-dependent gas release95%

Thermally induced polymeric bonding of LMS-1 lunar regolith simulant

R. A. Zina, T. Grippi, J. R. Valdes | 2025 | Advances in Space Research

DOI 10.1016/j.asr.2025.01.042

Needs reviewPDF missing

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Methods

Acoustic emission analysis during compressionmechanical | Material behavior analysis under compression Compression response analysis of polymer-simulant mixturesmechanical | Material behavior analysis under compression Porosity-binder ratio reduction via compressionmechanical | Material compaction and bonding optimization Polymer content effect on compression responsemechanical | Material behavior analysis under compression Grain size distribution analysismechanical | Material breakage and compaction analysis uniaxial compressionmechanical tensile strength testingmechanical microwave heatingthermal point-load testingmechanical porosity-binder ratio analysisanalytical AE energy rate analysisanalytical spring-back analysismechanical Microwave-based polymeric bondingbonding Thermo-mechanical behavior testingmechanical Strength characteristics testingmechanical Sintering process optimizationprocessing Gravity-induced distortion mitigationprocessing Liquid-phase sinteringprocessing Selective laser meltingprocessing Polymer-bonded sand testingmechanical Microwave-mediated polymer bondingbonding Vacuum sinteringsintering Spark plasma sinteringsintering Consolidation / oedometer testingGeotechnical characterization | Mobility and excavation Dielectric property measurementElectrical characterization | Thermal processing Dielectric loss measurementElectrical characterization | Thermal processing Compressive strength testingMechanical testing | Construction and infrastructure Tribological wear testingTribological testing | Dust mitigation Microwave sinteringThermal processing | Thermal processing

Properties

Porosity-binder ratio (nb = Vv/Vp)Reduced via uniaxial compression Dimensionless100%Tensile strengthAffected by polymer content and pressing stress MPa100%Acoustic emission energyReduced with increasing polymer content J100%Grain breakage strengthHigh, attributed to meteor bombardment MPa100%Fines contentIncreased from 19% to 23% %100%tensile strength2 to 10 MPa100%porosity-binder rationb = Vv /Vp < 2100%AE energy ratemarked rise in AE energy rate100%spring-backPCg -dependent100%compressibilityincreases with polymer content100%Durabilitylong-term80%Abrasion resistanceassessed80%Thermo-mechanical behaviorassessed80%Strength characteristicsassessed70%Gravity-induced distortionmitigated60%Sintering processoptimized60%Polymer-bonded sandtested60%Thermal conductivitynot specified50%Mechanical propertiesnot specified50%Tensile propertiesnot specified50%Sintering behaviornot specified50%Microwave bondingnot specified50%Sintering temperaturenot specified50%Sintering mechanismnot specified50%Dielectric permittivitymeasured as dielectric or microwave response70%Dielectric lossmeasured as dielectric loss, loss tangent, or microwave absorption70%Compressive strengthmeasured by compression testing70%Wear ratemeasured by abrasion, wear, or tribological testing70%

Viscosity and glass formation behavior of lunar regolith simulants

S. Stapperfend, D. B. Dingwell, K.-U. Hess, J. Sutherland, J. Patzwald, T. Bissbort, D. Müller, M. Eitel, E. Stoll | 2025 | Chemical Geology

DOI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2025.123082

Needs reviewPDF missing

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Methods

High-temperature concentric cylinder viscometryRheological characterization | Glass and ceramic manufacturing Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)Calorimetry | Glass and ceramic manufacturing VFT viscosity modellingGlass rheology modelling | Glass and ceramic manufacturing

Properties

Melt viscositymeasured by high-temperature concentric cylinder viscometry70%Thermal transition behavioranalyzed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)70%